Women Inequality in the workplace - 1189 Words

INTRODUCTION This essay serves to look into the issue of women inequality in the workplace. This essay will explain the reason behind women equality in society and some of the disadvantages that women face in the workplace. Also, you will learn about the term â€Å"gender gap† which refers to the distribution of wages between men and women. It shows the difference in the pay between both genders in many career fields. Jobs and roles that women balance on a day to day basis so therefore I say, women are not the weaker sex but the stronger one. The root of women inequality Women inequality in society comes as a result of stereotyping. Throughout history women have taken the role of housewife, mother, and compared to a†¦show more content†¦In other words, 77 cents for every dollar men earns for performing the same task. Part of the pay gap can be attributed to the fact that, more often than men, women tend to engage in part type work or work in lower paid jobs. Women are associated with â€Å"pink collar jobs†. A pink collar job is associated to the types of jobs that are considered to be stereotypically female such as working as a waitress, nurse, teacher, or secretary. A common inequality issue in the workplace is pregnancy. When women get pregnant in the middle of their career, they have to take time off and go on maternity leave. Also, as mothers, women who are working just simply can’t work as many hours as men do and because women can’t work overtime or travel frequently they often get passed up for promotions. This is seen as fair because women are putting in fewer hours for work. However, it is not the lower work hours that prevent women from reaching work equality it is because the workplace can be structured in such a way that it forces women to take up a larger share of responsibility in the household. If the organization does not pay maternity leave it takes away the couple’s choice of equally dividing household duties, because both parents risk their jobs in taking lower hours to split domestic responsibilities. Sexual Harassment is another major disadvantage. Sexual harassment is any sexual advance or conduct on the job that creates an intimidatingShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Of The Workplace Towards Women845 Words   |  4 Pageslegally accommodate pregnant female workers for minor requests. It has been thought that women make 77 cents to every man’s dollar but, that’s a myth. Because, if you would adjust for vacation time and, the profession of choice. Statistics show that females make 91 cents to every man’s dollar. This is why this research essay will give you further details to why there’s inequality in the workplace towards women. Gender roles have many occupations meaning they are related with masculine or feminineRead MoreGender Inequality : The Workplace Against Women2153 Words   |  9 PagesGender Inequality in the Workplace against Women SOCI 3432 M50 Professor Stockton April 26, 2016 Shandrika Jackson Over the last ninety years, women have battled to become equal with men in all aspects of life and work (Parcheta, 2013). Male domination and power has become the social assumption as gendered occupations and beliefs have been projected throughout society as the status quo. Though challenging, this status quo is still present. Women have manufactured huge developments in careerRead MoreGender Inequality And Women During The Workplace Essay881 Words   |  4 Pageshours a week with only 30.6 for women, and married men worked longer hours than married women. Also, more than half a million women in 2011 were looking after home/family compared with only 9,600 men (Gender Equality In Ireland). Gender stereotypes are hard to break, and like it or not, we are all prone to engaging in stereotyping at one time or another. This is demonstrated in the work of Mahzarian Banaji here at Harvard (Gender Inequality and Woman in the Workplace). In Addition, A review of theRead MoreGender Discriminat ion And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Inequality In Australia Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesWestern women have traditionally been perceived as the inferior sex, or the domestic partner, subjected wholly to the private sphere, and stripped of legal rights and standing. Meanwhile, men are depicted as the breadwinner, the strong, masculine and dominant partner, who belongs primarily to the public sphere. These historic gender norms have been deeply imbedded within Australia’s social foundation, and although society has gr adually shifted away from these roles, evidence suggests that this genderRead MoreInequality Discrimination On The Workplace1607 Words   |  7 Pagesincreasing variety in organizations, several inequalities in the workplace have happened. In spite of the regulation policies which have limited inequalities on the workplace, it still exists, because of personal characteristics, such as gender, age and different race (Allan, C Mcphail, R Wilkinson, A 2008, p. 225). Inequality in the workplaces can be defined as the unfair discrimination relating to things, such as wage differentials between men and women, unfair practices and unfairness opportunitiesRead MoreGender Inequality863 Words   |  4 PagesFischer Gender Inequality in a Global Perspective What is Gender Inequality? Like others, a social problem that is widespread in American society is Gender inequality. It is a problem that has had a negative impact on American society. Gender inequality can be found in many sub-systems of America. It is important to understand what gender inequality is in order to identify and correct the problem. Two sub-systems that gender inequality can be found are in the family and in the workplace. Gender inequalityRead MoreGender Issues Associated With Age, Gender, Ethnicity Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pageswhich will particularly incorporate a discussion of gender relations, stereotyping and sources of inequality. The purpose of this essay is to fundamentally consider how organisational culture, norms of work, stereotypes and son on may impact on the opportunities people have. I am going to focus on the inequalities and who does what sort of work in the general workforce and more particularly, on women s roles. The given tv programmes are Shortland Street, Dr Ken and A ge discrimination from channelRead MoreGender Inequality Of The Workplace1255 Words   |  6 Pages Fact or Fiction: Gender Inequality in the Workplace Will respect resolve the gender inequality issue in the workplace? While there s always going to be a person who craves more money because greed is a major factor in why respect is in decline in the workplace. Gender inequality is prevalent in the workplace, but we can bridge the gap if more people had respect for their counterparts. Enforcing this amongst employees will cut down on discrimination lawsuit cases and these companies can growRead MoreWorkplace Gender Inequality Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace Gender Inequality Gender inequality is currently a hot topic in our society. From education, to the entertainment industry, and more importantly, our daily lives, gender inequality has created a powerful divide between females and males with the seemingly same qualifications and background. The same trend follows in the workplace, females are less likely to hold positions of authority compared to their equivalent male counterparts. This is a key contributor to the lack of gender equality

Laboratory Analysis And Results Are Vital Part Of...

Undoubtedly, laboratory analysis and results are vital part of diagnosis of many disorders and diseases these days. According to Peter et al. (2010), an estimated 60% to 80% of patient management decisions are based on laboratory data. Therefore, accreditation of processes and competence of pathology laboratories is very significant particularly for benefit of patients. The UK was, along with Holland, the first European country to introduce a laboratory accreditation scheme for pathology (Barnes, 2014). Organisations, such as the Institute of Biomedical Science (IBMS), the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) and Clinical Pathology Accreditation (CPA) are crucial institutions in process of laboratory accreditation in UK. The IBMS is†¦show more content†¦UKAS (through CPA Ltd) assesses and declares the competence of NHS Clinical Pathology Laboratories according to standards presented in eight sections recorded in the CPA Standards –Standards for the Medical Labor atory (2009): (1) Organisation and quality management system; (2) Personnel; (3) Premises and environment; (4) Equipment, information systems and materials; (5) Pre-examination process; (6) Examination process; (7) The post-examination phase: (8) Evaluation and quality assurance. IBMS/HCPC and CPA organisations work closely together in the process of laboratory accreditation. Every laboratory is required to have an appropriate organisation and management system. This is the first mandatory standard which needs to be completed to achieve CPA registration (Conduct of CPA (UK) Ltd EQA Scheme Assessments, 2009). As it is recorded in ISO 15189:2007 (Quality management system), laboratory management shall establish a quality management system. In order to maintain quality - roles, responsibilities and authority of all personnel should be defined (CPA Standards- Standards for the Medical Laboratory, 2009). Laboratory management according to CPA 1020 – Lab Assesment Handbook (2009) is required to: (1) set quality objectives and undertake quality planning; (2) prepare a quality manual; (3) appoint a quality manager; (4) establish a procedure

Solar Panels vs. Trees Free Essays

Solar Panels Vs. Trees Many consumers have several questions if whether or not if their neighbors can block access to their solar panels with shading. In the case of Solar vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Panels vs. Trees or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trees, the trees are the ones that block the solar panels from direct sunlight. Both these men are environmentally friendly. â€Å"In terms of loving the environment it seems that neither one can top the other. † (NPR 62) When it comes to the decision of cutting down trees to get sunlight for solar panels, which one seems to have the upper hand in this situation? I believe Mr. Treanor should have the upper hand in this situation involving his trees and Mr. Vargus’s solar panel installation. Mr. Treanor trees had been planted first and Mr. Vargus did not seem to mention the fact that the trees were interrupting the growth of the corn he had planted. There are several reason as to why Mr. Vargus is wrong in filing the lawsuit against Mr. Treanor. Mr. Vargus used his knowledge of the Solar Shade Act after the matter of knowing his neighbor’s trees were casting a long shadow over his property. Mr. Vargus never informed Mr. Treanor of his findings. It was only after the tree had grown to its full height that Mr. Vargus installed the solar panels that he offered Mr. Treanor that he would pay for the tree to be cut down himself. Since Mr. Treanor planted the redwood trees first. The one immense mistake he made was the fact that he did not do his research so that he could be well acquainted with the redwood trees and to see precisely how tall the redwood trees grow and the environment that they need to be grown in. He also did not consider any of the risk factors that could possibly occur when planting a redwood and living in one of the areas that has a high risk of earthquake. For someone that has never seen a redwood tree, it can be larger than life. The average redwood tree can amount up to three hundred and seventy five feet tall. These trees have been present before man himself came on earth. If a live redwood were to fall over it will continue to grow. At that point if the tree that has fallen over has not been disturbed will continue to grow and produce even more redwoods trees. First of all, redwoods depend on 30 percent of fog to water their every need. The fog is absorbed directly into leaves and all the way down to their roots. Living in certain parts of California especially one of them being Santa Clara means we hardly receive any of this fog except our large amounts of sunshine. Living in Santa Clara also means you live close to the San Andres fault line. If an earthquake were to occur the redwood tree that Mr. Treanor planted could easily break from the ground and fall onto one of his neighbors houses. Therefore producing a larger amount of redwoods. Although there is cause for several complications, redwoods are of necessity in our environment. Originally Redwoods covered 2 million acres in the forest. Today there is about 117,000 acres left. â€Å"There is an urgent need to restore these damaged lands so they will once again resemble majestic ancient forests and provide homes for animals that rely on them. (All About Redwoods)† Even though Mr. Treanor did not take the necessary precautions he should have, Mr. Vargus should have brought his discovery to Mr. Treanor and proceed to develop a plan in which they both would have come to a compromise. When Mr. Vargus first attempted to plant his corn he knew he needed sunlight to ensure its growth. Mr. Vargus planted his corn closet to the fence line where the shade was more evident. Mr. Vargus knew at that moment that the corn that he planted would not grow due to the amount of shade that was covering the side of his house. At that precise moment he was indifferent of the situation with the growth of Mr. Treanors trees. It was later that Mr. Vargus spent thousands of dollars to install the solar panels after the fact of the matter that he was well informed of the Solar Shade/Rights Act. This act was created to perform a solar access structure. This law that included security was â€Å"to allow sunlight and prevent shading of systems and to limit the ability homeowner associations and governments† from solar energy resources. Mr. Vargus did offer to pay $10,000 to have the trees cut down. He was also well informed of the Solar Shade Act law and took advantage of the situation. What he did not take into consideration was the fact that trees one; two and three had been planted before the installment of his solar energy system. They had been there before he made his attempt to plant his corn plant. The Solar Shade Act was to provide limited protection to solar energy owners from shading that has been caused by any other resources. This law was to prevent property owners from allowing a blocking to their solar energy system prior installment. Resources planted after prior installment was and should to be removed. Shading is only allowed to block 10 percent of the solar energy systems on a neighboring property during certain hours. This applies to existing or newly planted trees that do not cast an overlooking shadow within the first year f installation. The Solar Rights Act allows us to balance the essential needs of each individual solar system owner along with other property owners by allowing the development of solar access rights. The SRA limits its conditions and restrictions that are enforced by homeowners and local government agencies on solar installations. The also creates legal rights to solar interest and requires local agencies to help preserve the cooling and heatin g opportunities in developing new projects. The California Solar Rights Act of  1978 does not necessarily bar reasonable restrictions  on solar installations, but it does establish its legal right to exercise a solar convenience. Which defines that energy systems are met with its requirements. It is to also control the government ordinances that would confine solar energy systems. The California Solar Shade Control Act was passed in the late 1970’s after â€Å"the oil crisis and lines at the gas stations† (NBR 62) made an impact on lawmakers and made them aware of the importance of alternative energy use. In the result of the oil crisis there were many states that adopted laws to encourage and promote renewable energy resources, which incorporated solar energy. In the recent years there has been a large amount of renewed energy. Many homes today have solar panels installed. There are more than 60 million Americans that are limited to the growth of solar energy use which bring about the Solar Shade Act and making it the most popular in homeownership. These laws have been in place for more than 30 years. The Solar Rights Act fought to promote and support the wide-ranging use of solar energy systems and to defend and help aid the right to use to the sunlight, which is an essential component to operate our solar energy systems. Even though the law is more than 30 years old, the Solar Rights Act is a large contributory factor that plays a significant role to California’s strong policy commitment to solar energy, and it is also the foundation for the act that is of relevance to all of us today and helps to continue its support for California’s solar energy programs. How to cite Solar Panels vs. Trees, Papers

Jose Rizal and the Revolution free essay sample

Jose Rizal and the Revolution. Question: What was Rizal’s role in the Philippine Revolution? It is not surprising to see texts about the martyrdom of their most celebrated hero- Dr. Jose Rizal (b. 1861 – d. 1896) , when we open the pages history books in the Philippines. The national revolution that the Philippines had from 1896 to 1901 was one period when the Filipino people were most united, most involved and most spirited to fight for one thing that they have been deserve freedom. Though all aspects of Rizal’s short but meaningful life was already explored by history writers and biographers, his involvement in the Philippine Revolutions still remains to be a sensitive and unfamiliar topic. His writings to an extent played a big part in the Philippine Revolution. Historians cannot deny that Rizal played a main part in the country’s struggle for reforms and independence. His writings had woken up the Filipino people and pushed them to take action against the Spanish. We will write a custom essay sample on Jose Rizal and the Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially ‘Noli me Tangere’ and ‘El Filibusterismo’. Summarising ‘El Filibusterismo’ it is a story about a man, Crisostomo Ibarra, who was wrongly accused by the Spanish government and was sent away. He returns to the Philippines as Simoun a rich jeweller with a beard and blue tinted glasses. He seeks revenge against the Spanish Philippines System who was responsible for his misfortunes and plots a revolution against them. These novels were viewed as guiding force for other patriots to rally for the country’s cause. â€Å"You  must  shatter the  vase  to spread its perfume, and smite the rock to get the spark! â€Å"- (Noli me Tangere). There are no tyrants where there are no slaves. (El FIlibusterismo). â€Å"The  glory  of  saving  a country is not for him who has contributed to its  ruin†. (El Filibusterismo) The language that he uses in his novels are all very strong and inspiring. Although many historians believed Jose Rizal dedicated his life and labours for the cause of the revolu tion and respected him to a certain extent, a brave historian rose up and went against the tide, and said that Jose Rizal did not lead the revolution nor was he an actual leader. Professor Renato Constantino stated that Jose Rizal was not a leader of the Philippine Revolution but was opposed to it. In the manifesto of 15th December 1896, Jose Rizal addressed to the Filipino people that if the plan of the revolution came to his knowledge he would oppose it because of its impossibility and his willingness to stifle the revolution. He believed that changes could be made without violence. Rizal thought that these were absurd because of its criminal methods. As the educated man he was brought up to be, he believed that reforms must come from above (social class) and that those who are below are â€Å"shaky, irregular and uncertain†. This belief led to his weakness of not understanding his people. He did not empathise with them and as a result he unintentionally underestimated the capacity of those from below to compel changes and reforms. It would be understandable that he thought of such because he was from that class and the only reason why he opposed the revolution was because â€Å"violence should not prevail†. So in conclusion, he did not lead the revolution but his writings did lead to the revolution as it was an eye opener to the Filipino people. Without these writings, the Filipino people would not have woken up and stood up for their country. As they say in the Philippine National Anthem â€Å"Ang mamatay lang dahil sayo† (To die for you) Websites: http://www. joserizal. ph/in01. html http://www. joserizal. ph/no01. html http://www. joserizal. ph/bg01. html http://asms. k12. ar. us/classes/humanities/worldstud/97-98/imper/philippines/spanish. HTM http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/El_filibusterismo Books: Noli me Tangere – Jose Rizal El Filibusterismo – Jose Rizal The First Filipino, A biography of Jose Rizal – Leon Ma. Guerrero (1963) Jose Rizal- Gregorio F. Zaide and Sonia M. Zaide (1997)

The U.S. Penal System Essays - Penology, Criminal Law, Criminology

The U.S. Penal System Prison inmates, are some of the most "maladjusted" people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem. They are very insecure and are "at war with themselves as well as with society" (Szumski 20). Most inmates did not learn moral values or learn to follow everyday norms. Also, when most lawbreakers are labeled criminals they enter the phase of secondary deviance. They will admit they are criminals or believe it when they enter the phase of secondary deviance (Doob 171). Next, some believe that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just send them to prison. For inezce, we could give them a chance to acquire job skills; which will improve the chances that inmates will become productive citizens upon release. The programs must aim to change those who want to change. Those who are taught to produce useful goods and to be productive are "likely to develop the self-esteem essential to a normal, integrated personality" (Szumski 21). This kind of program would provide skills and habits and "replace the sense of hopelessness" that many inmates have (Szumski 21). Moreover, another technique used to rehabilitate criminals is counseling. There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. Individual counseling is much more costly than group counseling. The aim of group counseling is to develop positive peer pressure that will influence its members. One idea in many sociology text is that group problem-solving has definite advantages over individual problem-solving. The idea is that a wider variety of solutions can be derived by drawing from the experience of several people with different backgrounds. Also one individuals problem might have already been solved by another group member and can be suggested. Often if a peer proposes a solution it carries more weight than if the counselor were to suggest it (Bennett 20-24). Further, in sociology, one of the major theories of delinquency is differential association (Cressey 1955). This means some people learned their ways from "undesirable" people who they were forced to be in association with and that this association "warps" their thinking and social attitudes. "Group counseling, group interaction, and other kinds of group activities can provide a corrective, positive experience that might help to offset the earlier delinquent association" (Bennett 25). However, it is said that group counseling can do little to destroy the power of labeling (Bennett 26). The differential-association theory emphasizes that a person is more likely to become a criminal if the people who have the greatest influence upon them are criminals (Doob 169). Most of today's correctional institutions lack the ability and programs to rehabilitate the criminals of America. One can predict that a prisoner held for two, four, eight or ten years, then released, still with no educationling, there is disadvantages. For inezce, members of the group might not be as open or show emotion because they want to appear "tough." Also the members might not express their opinions openly because the others might see it as "snitching." For the group to work it takes a dedicated counselor (Bennett 22-23). Another type of correctional center used for rehabilitation is halfway houses. Halfway houses are usually located in residential communities and are aimed to keep offenders in the community. The name comes from the fact that they are "halfway between the community and the prison" (Fox 60). The "rationale" behind halfway houses is that criminal activity originates in the community, so the community has a responsibility to try to correct it. Also, sending a person who has deviant behavior and who has been associated with criminal influences, to prison would just make the problem worse (Fox 61). "The best place for treatment is in the community; this prevents the breaking of all constructive social ties" (Fox 61). Programs in halfway houses usually involve work release or study release and group sessions for therapy and counseling. Most programs vary greatly depending on the administrator. Generally, the purpose is to "reintegrate" members back into the community. There are three systems generally used in programs and in the process: "change by compliance, client-centered change, and change by credibility in that it

Computer Clusters essays

Computer Clusters essays Computer clustering involves the use of multiple hardware, typically personal computers (PCs) or UNIX workstations, storage devices, and redundant interconnections, to form what appears to users as a single integrated system (Cluster computing). Clustering has been available since the 1980s when it was used in Digital Equipment Corp.'s VMS system. Today, most leading hardware and software companies support clustering because of its demand for parallel processing, batch processing, load balancing and Parallel processing is the processing of program instructions by dividing them among multiple processors with the objective of running a program in less time. Parallel processing is normally applied for rendering and high computational based applications. Rather than using expensive specialized supercomputers for parallel processing, implementers have begun using a large cluster of small commodity servers. Each server runs its own operating system, to take a number of jobs, process them, and send the output to the primary system (Grama, 2003). Clusters provide the ability to handle a large task in small bits, or lots and lots of small tasks across an entire cluster, making an entire system more affordable and The first PC cluster to be described in scientific literature was named Beowulf and was developed in 1994 at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (Beowulf clusters compared to Base One's batch job servers). Beowulf initially consisted of sixteen PCs, standard Ethernet, and Linux with modifications and achieved seventy million floating point operations per second. For only $40,000 in hardware, Beowulf produced the processing power of a small supercomputer costing about $400,000 at that time. By 1996, researchers had achieved one billion floating point operations per second at a cost of less than $50,000. Later, in 1999, the University of ...

Is there such a thing as fair trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Is there such a thing as fair trade - Essay Example There are a number of groups and associations that have expressed the above sentiments and other problems facing the world commodity producers. Such advocates include; Caritas International, Amnesty International and Oxfam. However, despite these firm proponents, there have been some controversies linked to Free trade. Some people assert that free trade is nothing more than a subsidy while others claim that free trade proponents do not possess the ability to transform the trading system the world over. They believe that farmers are facing a situation that is simply beyond control and it will take much more than free trade ideals to change it. 2There were four main fair trade organisations that came up with a definition for Fair trade. These four organisations were known as FINE. They defined fair trade as a form of partnership that aims at instituting equity in trade. The trade referred to by this organisation is global in nature. Additionally, they support workers who have been marginalised and air out their views through fair trade organisations. The latter group offers campaigns and informs workers about their rights. Fair trade is based upon a number of principles; the first one being fair pay. Pay may be labelled fair if it incorporates all the expenses that workers incurred during the process of production. It must also cover environment considerations and labourer's social needs. It must also be on time and should cover their future production needs. Fair trade is also founded on the principle that workers should have the capacity to participate fully in their markets. They should be given the incentives to manage their products well and also to achieve greater flexibility within this realm. On top of these, farmers and other labourers should be handled in an open and transparent manner. No one has the permission to take advantage of their vulnerabilities through hidden dealings. Men and women should be treated as equals regardless of what their social premises may be. Reimbursements must be proportional to the amount of work done rather than to one's gender. According to fair trade advocates , workers should be provided with safe and conducive environments. This implies that children will only be allowed to work if this does not come in the way of their education, ell being, security and growth. Lastly, fair trade discourages the use of environmentally friendly working techniques, for instance, it strongly opposes the [production of genetically modified foods because they harm the environment. 3In the recent past, the FLO International (which sets standards in fair trade) created a labelling system where products can be Certified if the adhere top Fair trade principles. Some of these principles are examined during the process of growing a commodity, harvesting it and even supplying it to the world market. Products that earn the fair trade mark are those ones that do not employ children during child labour.Additionally, they must not involve the use of slave labour of any kind. The certified commodity should also have been produced in an environment that is safe to work in and one that does not undermine labourer's human rights. Its price must also be such that it can facilitate some social problems facing farmers

(Annotated Bibliography) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(Annotated Bibliography) - Research Paper Example The design is done regularly and it needs step by step process. The design defines the specifications, plans, parameters, activities, processes and how and what to do within legal, social, environmental, safety and economic constraints in achieving an objective. An example is Wright brother’s aircraft, it did not fly well for the first time and they started again and they solved the significant problems of controlling the airplane rising motion. According to the author, the solution of a problem does not appear suddenly from nowhere (Khandani 2005). To get a comprehensive solution to a design, a methodology is required. The article informs the process of design by explaining five steps that are usually applied in design. These are defining the problem, collecting required information, generating multiple solutions, analyzing the selected solutions and testing and implementation of the solution. Bad designs sometimes occur, but until the machine is build and tested so as to kno w the problem and difficulties that might be faced. The article is unique from others because it argues that to get a solution, you must first try and a process needs to be followed in order to arrive at a solution. In comparison to other sources, the source provides information about mechanical engineering required design for the machines in order to be efficient. In contrast it explains that solving a design problem is normally an iterative process: As the solution to a design problem evolves, an engineer will end up continually refining the design. Rolf Faste. The Human Challenge in Engineering Design. TEMPUS Publications. Engng Ed. Vol. 17, Nos. 4 and 5, pp. 327- 331, 2001 Changes in the design technology over a period of time have transformed the nature of the products (Faste, 2001). The changes in design have enabled the globalization of free enterprise economics. The design of products and manufacturing has become international activities lately. Overtime, the products in the manufacturing industries have changed due to new design and manufacturing strategies. The design has changed the consumer products in US, for example automobiles, household appliances, TVs and telephones have changed tremendously. Currently, the design and manufacturing should contend with the utility that is complex and unfolds with time (Faste, 2001). This has solved the current problems because in the recent time, designers are designing behaviors and experiences for people, this shows that the work of the engineers has entangled in the recent times. The application of computer aided programs in design have compressed the development cycle to a situation where concurrent interdisciplinary design must be used (Faste, 2001). Design technology is evolving very fast such that traditional techniques are not in a position of anticipating what need to be done next. The involvement of computer aided programs has made the work of the architects and designers since there are software†™s that have been developed to make design easy. The total result of these changes is that engineering should be involved in the entire process of product design to its full extend. The article is unique from others because it explains three things that must be present for a product to be designed successfully; these are utility, usability, and meaning. The author argues that the change in the technology has significantly transformed the nature of the products. In contrast to other sources, the article provides information that manufacturing and

Is President Obama’s nuclear non-proliferation policy realistic Essay - 1

Is President Obama’s nuclear non-proliferation policy realistic (Policy Brief) - Essay Example President Obama also announced willingness to negotiate with North Korea and Iran to stop nuclear proliferation not withstanding other issues with these nations (Allison, G. & Dillon, D. 2010). The policy also urges nations without nuclear arms to stop acquisition and permits access to nuclear energy. These objectives can be achieved by strengthening international inspections with more resources and authority and the implementation of rules to foil black markets, uncover and intercept the trafficking of nuclear materials and use financial instruments to interrupt nuclear trade (President Obama speech on Nuclear Disarmament 2009). ii. The willingness of President Obama to hold wide ranging and direct talks with Iran provides the best opportunity to build a cooperative relationship and an acceptable agreement through an effective policy can even prevent the nation from building nuclear weapons plant and stabilize the surrounding region (Bertram, C. 2009). iii. The decade long favouritism of British people towards investment in nuclear weapons has taken a turn with their opinion to scrap all nuclear weapons instead of building a new nuclear weapon plant which is a positive sign for collective action from nuclear weapon powers (Glover, J. 2009). iv. The disarmament of United States can provoke nuclear proliferation in small size because the deterrence factor will not prevail thus increasing the prospects of more Irans and North Koreas in future (Mazol, J. 2009). iii. Suggested voluntary and forced nuclear disarmament aspects are (i) global adherence to IAEA safeguards (ii) rules to prevent withdrawal from NPT and hold nations responsible for violations of NPT (iii) compulsory adherence to Additional Protocol to use peaceful nuclear technologies and (iv) automatic penalties for nations that violate safeguard agreements (Pifer, S., Cirincione, J. & Gaddy, C. 2010). Russia’s consent to

Language Conflicts And Subordination In India

Language Conflicts And Subordination In India Language is a vehicle of thought and a means of communication. When a population is linguistically homogeneous, language may contribute to the unity and the political stability of a state. When on the other hand, a country contains sizable minorities speaking different languages may arise serious challenges to the established state. Under latter conditions, conflict over issues like governments language policy, may give rise to the outbreak of political violence. India has a diversity of language and governments attempts to solve language problem was created the conflicts. Language is undoubtedly the most single possession of human race. Man is clearly distinguished from other specious by his capacity for using language. The term language is derived from the Latin word lingua meaning tongue. Historians of language consider speech as primary and writing as secondary. Dr.K.T.Khader brings some of the definitions of language which are in currently popular linguistic circles that is Ronald Wardhaughs definition language as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communications.; Noam Chomskys definition Language is a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. ; and the Encyclopedia Britannicas definition, language as a system of conventional, spoken or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participant in its culture, communicate. On the basis of these definitions we can say language is communication and making of meaning through written symbols, spoken word and visual imagery.  [1]   According to David Crystal, one of the foremost authorities on language is the primary out ward sign of a groups identity. Language becomes an indicator of a communitys cultural ethos.  [2]  Language is also the most widely encountered symbol of emerging nationhood. Linguistic identity on the past as well as today continues to play a significant role in defining political and state identity as well as geographical boundaries. The boundaries of nation-states as well as states within countries are often defined on the basis of linguistic identity. The linguistic division of states in India after independence is the best instance for this. Political incompetence and lack of well-considered and long term policies with regard to language and script have caused a great deal of problems in whole over India.  [3]  Crystal says people who no longer speak the language, or who have never spoken it, are excluded from the culture, even if on other grounds they believe themselves to be par t of it.  [4]  This position is more likely to be espoused by people who do speak the indigenous language. Language can be used to affirm social solidarity among those who use it. According to Mikhail Bakthin, a scholar mainly worked on philosophy of language, language is a social phenomenon, is a verbal-ideological world comprised of centripetal and centrifugal forces.  [5]  Centripetal forces result in a unitary language which Bakhtin elaborates to be a system of linguistic norms which are not only grammatical rules but also ideologically saturated with a world view; such a language creates within a heteroglot  [6]  national language the firm, stable nucleus of an officially recognized language.  [7]  Every individual or collective utterance participates in the unitary language (in its centripetal, unifying forces) and partakes of social/historical heteroglossia (centrifugal, stratifying forces).  [8]  The living, shaping environment of any utterance is dialogized heteroglossia, anonymous and social, as well as concrete and specific as individual utterance. This stratification and heteroglossia widen and deepen as long as language is alive an d developing.  [9]   Bakthin observes that when any word is used to express an idea or describe an object, it encounters other words about the same idea or object, which then becomes overlain with heteroglot social opinion, charged with value, and open to dispute. In this dialogic interaction with this tension-filled environment, the word gets into complex interrelationships with other words, merges with some, and recoils from others. The word and utterance in any language shape themselves in this dialogic process. In colonial and postcolonial India, English words and phrases became part of other Indian languages precisely through this dialogic interaction. Nandita Ghosh observes this Bakhtinian process of hybridity is also filled with violence and displacements between languages, causing misgivings.  [10]   India is the home of many languages. The languages of India are divided into two large groups, the Indo-Aryan languages and the Dravidian languages, with a smaller number of languages belonging to unrelated phyla such as Tibeto-Burman. Linguistic records begin with the appearance of the BrÄ hmÄ « script from about the 6th century BC.The languages of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages (spoken by 72% of Indians) and the Dravidian languages (spoken by 25% of Indians). Other languages spoken in India belong to the Austro-Asiatic, Tibeto-Burman, and a few minor language families and isolates.  [11]   The Three-language formula is a formula of language learning formulated by the Union Education Ministry of the Government of India in consultation with the states. The formula was pronounced in the 1968 National Policy Resolution This formula directed that those in educational institutions, media, industry, and administration learn English and Hindi as the two official languages, and it also provided for the optional learning of Sanskrit, Urdu, or another regional language. This formula was still unsatisfactory because regional communities perceived their language to be in third place to English and Hindi in importance and market value. Nehru was unable to retain Hindi as the only official language as per the Official Languages Act in 1963; he had to amend it in 1967 to retain English as the associate official language. He also linguistically reorganized states and discouraged any demand for special languages unless these had popular support.  [12]  Nehrus policies proved to be u npopular. Language riots broke out in Madras in 1950 and in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, and Punjab through the 60s and 70s, which partly fueled the rise of militant separatist movements in the 1980s. The Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu were a series of agitations that happened in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) during both pre- and post-Independence periods. The agitations involved several mass protests, riots, student and political movements in Tamil Nadu, and concerned the official status of Hindi in the state and in the Indian Republic. The first anti-Hindi agitation was launched in 1937, in opposition to the introduction of compulsory teaching of Hindi in the schools of Madras Presidency by the first Indian National Congress government led by C. Rajagopalachari. The new Constitution came into effect on 26 January 1950. Efforts by the Indian Government to make Hindi as the official language after 1965 were not acceptable to many non-Hindi Indian states, who wanted the continued use of English. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), a descendant of Dravidar Kazhagam, led the opposition to Hindi. To relieve their fears, Prim e Minister Jawaharlal Nehru enacted the Official Languages Act in 1963 to ensure the continuing use of English beyond 1965.  [13]   On 25 January, a full-scale riot broke out in the southern city of Madurai, sparked off by a minor altercation between agitating students and Congress party members. To calm the situation, Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastris assurance, as did the student agitation.  [14]   The Official Languages Act was eventually amended in 1967 by the Congress Government headed by Indira Gandhi to guarantee the indefinite use of Hindi and English as official languages. This effectively ensured the current virtual indefinite policy of bilingualism of the Indian Republic. There were also two similar (but smaller) agitations in 1968 and 1986 which had varying degrees of success.  [15]   The Konkani language agitations were a series of agitations that happened in the Indian state of Goa (formerly the union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu) during the post-Independence period. The agitations involved several mass protests, riots, student and political movements in Goa, and concerned the official status of Konkani in the state and in the Indian Republic.  [16]   The Kosli language movement has been campaigning for recognition for the Kosli language. This movement is going on from last five decades in the districts of Western Orissa or Kosal. Persons like Kosal ratna late Prayag Dutta Joshi, Dr. Nilamadhab Panigrahi and others have started this movement.. Kosli language is considered as a dialect of Oriya language. In the Census of India- 2001, Kosli language is shown as a mother tongue grouped under Oriya language. There are several Radio and T.V. programs in Kosli language. The main objective of this movement is to include the Kosli language in the 8th schedule of the Indian constitution.  [17]   The Rajasthani language movement has been campaigning for greater recognition for the Rajasthani language since 1947. Rajasthani is still officially considered a dialect of Hindi. However, the Sahitya Akademi considers it a distinct language.  [18]   The Punjabi Suba movement aimed at creation of a Punjabi-majority subah (province) in the Punjab region of India in the 1950s. Led by the Akali Dal, it resulted in the formation of the Punjabi-majority Punjab state, the Hindi-majority Haryana state and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Some Pahari majority parts of the East Punjab were also merged with Himachal Pradesh as a result of the movement.  [19]   In Maharashtra language conflict has taken a violent turn and Marathi is now being used as the instrument to drive out all non-Marathi speakers. In the nineteen sixties, a new political party called the Shiv Sena became a force to reckon with because it promoted the concept of Maharashtra for Marathi speakers only, the implication being that jobs in the state and especially in Bombay, should go to Marathi speakers and nobody else. Over the years the Shiv Sena has embraced different platforms including a fundamentalist Hindu stance. But two years ago the Sena split and the breakaway group, the Maharashtra Navnirman Sena has gone back to the original agenda of the Shiv Sena.  [20]   Mahatma Gandhi wrote, Hindustani, i.e., a blend of Hindi and Urdu, should be accepted as the national language for future use. So, the future members of the councils will take a pledge that till the use of English is stopped in correspondence, etc., at the national level, Hindustani should be used in the Imperial Council and regional languages should be used in the Provincial Councils. They should resolve that Hindustani would be implemented as the compulsory co-language in middle schools with freedom to choose either the Devanagari or the Urdu script. English language will be accepted in the field of administrative matters, diplomacy, and international trade.  [21]   Pierre Bourdieu assumes that the symbolic domination of one or a set of languages is directly a result of market-governed instrumental rationality.  [22]  The issues related to linguistic ideology with the structure of social stratification and division of classes in a speech community. According to N. Dorian, a noted scholar on language, most people feel a degree of attachment to their ancestral language. If conditions are reasonably, people identify with their own language and do not seek a preferable substitute. In case in which people have changed to another language and given up their own entirely, it has nearly always been due to a local history of political suppression, social discrimination, or economic deprivation.  [23]   Other factors that threaten the survival of a language include the small size of a language group, extinction of sizeable members of the community on account of wars, ethnic conflicts, displacement, and epidemics or due to migration necessitated by economic or social factors. Crystal has suggested several steps the linguistic minority community could adopt to protect languages from extinction. These include increasing the prestige of the minority language within the dominant community, improving their economic status, power and authority, reducing the language to writing, and strong presence in the educational system.  [24]   India alone is home to about 380 languages. Northeast India is home to about 240 languages and dialects. There is also the hegemony and the dominance of the stronger groups over the weaker ones. In northeast India there are several factors that threaten language survival. These include geographical isolation of ethnic groups, migration of youth to towns and cities for education and work, ethnic conflicts and displacements. There is the absence of adequate policies to promote mother tongue education at primary school level. Often the members of the community themselves are not conscious of the danger of their language becoming extinct. According to Riley, the survival of a minority language is closely bound up with the affirmation and preservation of a distinct ethnic identity and culture.  [25]   The plight of minority languages in the world is very precarious as most of them are facing extinction. Scholars speak of language murder, language death and linguistic genocide to refer to the phenomenon of extinction of minority languages.  [26]  The most important direct agents in language murder are the media and the educational system. Behind them are the real culprits the global economics, military and political systems. Children are taught through the medium of dominant languages often forcing them to use only the dominant languages.  [27]   Children from minority language communities often attend classes taught in national or regional language that they do not understand. Many of them find it difficult to learn to read or master other academic skills, forcing them to drop out of school before completing primary school. Being poverty stricken and lower caste, most adivasis cannot afford an education in any of official languages because it is expensive. Their exclusion from mainstream languages incapacitates them from representing their interests to government officials and bargaining for the funds set aside for their welfare. One cannot ignore the fact that linguistic aspiration and ethnic identity continue to be underlying factors in some of the present day conflicts and tension as well. India beautifully combines a rich diversity of languages. Instead of seeing language plurality as a problem, we ought to see it as a resource. Our rich cultural and environmental resources and our varied tongues can be the best gifts that we can hand over to posterity. In colonial times, the British played havoc with us with their divide and rule politics. But its sixty-one years since we won independence. Do we really want to divide and tear the subcontinent apart in the name of language? Most other countries have a single language. How fortunate we in India are to have this treasure-trove of twenty-two major languages, not to mention hundreds of dialects. The further subordination any regional, and tribal languages creates a hierarchy, which becomes a site for the struggle for dominance and control of resources and pow er in India.

College Students Trapped by Credit Card Debt :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument

College Students Trapped by Credit Card Debt My best friend from my childhood is a marketing agent’s dream. Constantly duped and deceived by flashy ads and predatory marketing, this kid will buy anything - usuall on credit. At last check, my friend had maxed out 4 credit cards to the tune of over $30,000. Very rarely did the money go for something necessary, like accommodation or food, but usually was spent on a multitude of gadgets, toys, and other assorted ‘guy-stuff.’ CDs, a subwoofer, X-boxes and PlayStations, new rims and tires†¦he even whipped out the plastic to cover the $5,000 for his girlfriend’s new boobs! In my humble opinion, this was probably one of his wiser purchases, but still highlights the fact that my friend has a serious problem managing his finances. Unfortunately, my friend is not alone, but is one of thousands of unassuming college students trapped by credit card debt. Potential problems caused by lousy credit history can bite hard. They include: dropping out of college, physical and emotional health problems, family conflicts, bankruptcy, job rejections due to bad credit, loan denials, inability to rent apartments, graduate school rejections, and even suicide (Manning, 160). About 3 – 4 percent of college students suffer from serious credit problems (Manning, 160). While this number may seem small, that translates into 304 students just at HSU alone (4% of 7611 total students). College campuses make fertile feeding grounds for predatory marketing strategies. College is a time of self-discovery, when many students are enjoying their first real tastes of independence away from the home. For many, obtaining that first credit card is a natural step in establishing financial sovereignty. The fact of the matter however, is that college kids are also more prone to naivety with credit cards, which often hide the true costs of buy ing on credit. According to the Nellie Mae Corporation (a division of the federal Sallie Mae fund), over 95% of graduate students have credit cards, with the average student owing $4,776 in debt. 20% of those graduate students have debt between $6,000 and $15,000, and 6% have debt greater than $15,000.

India in 2050

India is the Country of diversity. It is the beauty if diversity that makes india a very unique country in every aspect be it technical, scientific, social, or environmental. Every Indian is worth of accomplishing every task that can flourishes the economy of the nation. Even history has proved that Indians are worth gems for world in the form of the vivekanand, mahatma Gandhi, mother Teresa, satuyajit ray, sam pitroda and many to specify. It is proved that we Indians has more innovativeness than many other public in the world. Then the question stuck in our mind that according to current situation how india will look in 2050? What will be its socio-economic status, science and technological development, living standard and other related fields?Though having busy roads, tight schedule, population density, health hazards etc., we Indians are still proud of our culture. in spite of serving MNC’s with cheap labour, still being the biggest reason of success of our culture that foc us on eco-friendliness, our actions that we though indirectly indulge in serving humanity.India has experienced extraordinary population growth: between 2001 and 2011 India added 181 million people to the world, slightly less than the entire population of Brazil. But 76 per cent of India’s population lives on less than US$2 per day (at purchasing power parity rates). India ranks at the bottom of the pyramid in per capita-level consumption indicators not only in energy or electricity but in almost all other relevant per capita-level consumption indicators, despite high rates of growth in the last decade.Much of India’s population increase has occurred among the poorest socio-economic percentile. Relatively socio-economically advanced Indian states had a fertility rate of less than 2.1 in 2009 — less than the level needed to maintain a stable population following infant mortality standards in developed nations.But in poorer states like Bihar, fertility rates were nearer to 4.0.  Does this growth mean India can rely on the ‘demographic dividend’ to spur development? This phenomenon, which refers to the period in which a large proportion of a country’s population is of working age, is said to have accounted for between one-fourth and two-fifths of East Asia’s ‘economic miracle’ as observed late last century.But India is not East Asia. Its population density is almost three times the average in East Asia and more than eight times the world average of 45 people per square kilometre. If India has anywhere near 1.69 billion people in 2050, it will have more than 500 people per square kilometre. Besides, in terms of infrastructure development India currently is nowhere near where East Asian nations were before their boom. In terms of soft to hard infrastructure, spanning education, healthcare, roads, electricity, housing, employment growth and more, India is visibly strained.For example, India has an instal led energy capacity of little more than 200 gigawatts; China has more than 1000 gigawatts and aims to generate 600 gigawatts of clean electricity by 2020. To make matters worse, many of the newly installed power stations in India face an acute shortage of coal, and future supply is not guaranteed. China mines close to four billion tonnes of coal per year, which has a negative effect on both local and global air quality.At some stage, it is probably inevitable that India will need much greater capacity than its present rate of mining 600 million tonnes of coal per year, which is also causing local and global pollution levels to rise — parts of India face air quality problems similar to those in China. On oil, India imports close to 80 per cent of its crude oil requirements, while it also runs an unsustainable current account deficit of more than 5 per cent of its GDP, and reserves for new energy sources like shale gas do not look promising either.India’s food supply is in an even worse position. As a member of India’s Planning Commission put it, ‘we have a problem and it can be starkly put in the following way: around 2004–2005,  our per capita food grains production was back to the 1970s level’. In 2005–07, the average Indian consumed only 2,300 calories per day — below the defined poverty line in rural areas of 2,400 calories a day. The trend in recent years is for Indians to eat even less.So, for India, treating lightly Malthusian predictions about food supply until 2050 or beyond may not be prudent. Worldwide food prices have been on the rise to unforeseen levels, and India too has been suffering from high food inflation.Finally, even if India manages to feed its burgeoning population, its growth may not be ecologically sustainable. The global demand for water in 2050 is projected to be more than 50 per cent of what it was in 2000, and demand for food will double. On average, a thousand tons of water is required to produce one ton of food grains. It’s not surprising, then, that international disputes about water have increasingly been replicated among states in India, where the Supreme Court is frequently asked to intervene.The probable answer is that policy makers have failed miserably on all measurable counts. If one compares India to China this becomes clear. While China’s one-child policy has been criticised as against human dignity and rights — and there is no denying that such measures should be avoided as far as possible — the history of human civilization teaches us that extreme situations call for extreme actions. There will be ample time for multiple schools to have their post-mortems on the success and failure of the one-child policy, but it has helped China to control its population by a possible 400 million people.There are still millions of people still surviving in india on income of less than one dollar a day . India will never be cons ider developed country unless and until the poverty, hunger and pain of the poor on the streets and those living in the slums is curbed. According to the wealth report 2012 by  knightfrunk and citi private bank, india will emerge as the economic superpower in 2050, beating U.S. and china with a GDP of $85.97 trillion and india will also witness an economic growth of 8% by 2050.There must be upward mobility in economic terms and recognisation is through performance and results, and not through other metrics which suit special interest groups. Indian high-tech companies should create their own top position in the world by indentifying world and fulfilling those by leveraging technologies. They should identify what services need to be developed and delivered to meet the need of our underdeveloped population to improve health-care, education and new economic models to benefit backward sections of the society. The high-tech industry is going through disruptive changes because of transi tion to cloud- delivered services.Thus an Optimistic view of emerging india as a fully developed not only as a superpower nation but also as a wholesome development in the fields of health, education, business, urban and special emphesis on rural development with a poverty free, slum free, high employment opportunity are the thoughts and dreams that every Indian might be seeing. with the efforts of all of us we will surely see our proud INDIA IN 2050 as a prousperous, happy and overally developed nation.

Free Essays on Cisco

Cisco Systems - World's Leading Network Hardware Products Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco operates in one industry segment and creates hardware and software solutions that link computer networks so that people have easy access to information without regard to differences in time, place or type of computer system. Networking is a multi-billion dollar global market whose growth is spurred by the belief that the Internet is changing the way we work, live, play, and learn. Over the last year, there has been a key shift in the role of the Internet and in how the Internet is perceived. What was once a fairly complex tool used by an elite group of highly technical individuals is now a technology driving economic change globally by creating new jobs and market opportunities. The Company markets its products through its direct sales force, single and two-tier distributors, value-added resellers, service providers and system integrators. This multiple-channel approach allows customers to select the channel that addresses their specific needs and provides the Company with broad coverage of worldwide markets. Customers benefit from Cisco networking solutions through more efficient exchange of information, which in turn leads to cost savings, process efficiencies, and closer relationships with customers, prospects, business partners, suppliers, and employees. Cisco solutions are the networking foundation for companies, universities, utilities, and government agencies worldwide. The Company was founded in late 1984 by a small group of computer scientists from Stanford University seeking an easier way to connect different types of computer systems. Cisco Systems shipped its first product in 1986. Since then, Cisco has grown into a multinational corporation with over 10,000 employees in more than 200 offices in 54 countries. Cisco's products encompass the broadest range of networking solutions ... Free Essays on Cisco Free Essays on Cisco Cisco Systems - World's Leading Network Hardware Products Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco operates in one industry segment and creates hardware and software solutions that link computer networks so that people have easy access to information without regard to differences in time, place or type of computer system. Networking is a multi-billion dollar global market whose growth is spurred by the belief that the Internet is changing the way we work, live, play, and learn. Over the last year, there has been a key shift in the role of the Internet and in how the Internet is perceived. What was once a fairly complex tool used by an elite group of highly technical individuals is now a technology driving economic change globally by creating new jobs and market opportunities. The Company markets its products through its direct sales force, single and two-tier distributors, value-added resellers, service providers and system integrators. This multiple-channel approach allows customers to select the channel that addresses their specific needs and provides the Company with broad coverage of worldwide markets. Customers benefit from Cisco networking solutions through more efficient exchange of information, which in turn leads to cost savings, process efficiencies, and closer relationships with customers, prospects, business partners, suppliers, and employees. Cisco solutions are the networking foundation for companies, universities, utilities, and government agencies worldwide. The Company was founded in late 1984 by a small group of computer scientists from Stanford University seeking an easier way to connect different types of computer systems. Cisco Systems shipped its first product in 1986. Since then, Cisco has grown into a multinational corporation with over 10,000 employees in more than 200 offices in 54 countries. Cisco's products encompass the broadest range of networking solutions ...

Describe several major changes that you expect to have a major impact on the remote, industry, and operating environments of Petro Canada

Describe several major changes that you expect to have a major impact on the remote, industry, and operating environments of Petro Canada With the immense competition between firms in the global industry, managers have to be creative and be able to adapt to changes in the environment. To be the leader in the industry, there must be clear objectives and goals, which need to be followed precisely. Strategic planners must factor not only on the domestic market but also the global one because many emerging economies are located outside of North America as illustrated in the Constructwell case. Some critical issues in the strategic planning process to be examined include: the importance of having a keen knowledge of one's internal and external environment; the value of proper implementation and execution of the strategic plan; and the significance of maintaining flexibility in the face of challenges in an ever-changing business environment.A key element in forming a strategic plan is the evaluation of a company's position both individually and relative to the marketplace.Marine Institute Ireland, Strategic_Planning_Symbo... Self-evaluation will include a SWOT analysis incorporating all aspects of the business including financial and intellectual capital, external threats, and future opportunities. The importance of environmental scanning is paramount as it serves as the foundation from which action plans and goals are formed. As illustrated in the simulation, the decision-maker in this case sets out key objectives for the business from which the management team and strategic planners must endeavor to achieve. In short, a business must first comprehend its business; understand where it must go, then define strategies to reach those goals.In the Constructwell case, the planning team had to create a strategic roadmap to guide the company into global markets and become the leader.. Irrespective of the size and objective of the company, strategic planning requires the business to gather the "right" information to base its decisions. Data must be pertinent and address key questions in order...

Overly Pushy Leaders in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Overly Pushy Leaders in an Organization - Essay Example This was mostly due to the factors like intimacy, affection and above all respect that have helped the acceptability of pushy behavior of managers. But at the same time the very pushy manages have also acted as a retarder in highly efficiently functioning environment. This was mostly due to the disappointment in the minds of supervisors and disillusionment among the workers. The performance gained through over pushy managers is observed to be unsustainable. The results generated in these circumstances were always due to the high work pressure and hence, unless the pressure is maintained the expected outputs couldn't be attained at a later time. The research studies undertaken earlier have clearly demonstrated the perception of the employees under the pushy leaders in organization. The present day challenge is to ensure a highly productive team of employees in the organizational system. Though different strategies have been tested and is often concluded that the personal attributes of managers or leaders of the group are very vital to meet the objectives within the allocated resources. The impact of pushy mangers is found to be very significant in these type of situations. Hence, further research is required to understand the implications of pushy type managers on long term performance of the organization. Though the well established management principles states that entire works need to be specified in detail and need to be well specified to distinct units of operation to enable the organizations to function as a 'well oiled machine' (Plsek and Wilson, 2001). In most of the working environments any better strategies for change have been followed by stiff resistance by the employees. Even in the case of highly skilled group of work force and professional, like health care sector, the employees were not inclined for such detailing of operations assuming it not very significant in improving the function. Another initiative that was tried is using the dynamic management of internal information systems (Nonaka et al, 2000). These approaches though undertaken with maximum care and efficiency were unable to bring out the desired results from the delivery perspective. Though the top management could be informed of the strengths and weakness in the system as a result of these better initiativ es, the systems were often found to be ill-equipped for the corresponding reverse flow of information which was required for improving the operational efficiency of the entire workforce of the organization. Grey areas demanding attentionCreation of better value culture by the top level managers for the enhanced productivity and innovation in organizations was also tried in the past (Michael et al, 2004). All these methods have relied on the activities of the managers towards the objectives rather than the results expected from the activities. Thus for the organizations to be more competitive and successfully pushy managers in organizations are inevitable (Pacella, 2009). In order to bring in a huge transformation in the organizational performance , it is recommended that the top management team need to have the ability to develop, model and exchange the vision for the organization, provide grater support to innovativeness besides having flexibility that allow the employees to take

Investigation of variables for monitoring muscle fatigue in EMG Essay

Investigation of variables for monitoring muscle fatigue in EMG recordings - Essay Example Here the assessments are based on the analysis of signals produced during the activity of the muscle; contraction or relaxation. There are many algorithms used available for estimating the amplitude, frequency variables and conduction velocity of the surface EMG signal detected during voluntary contractions. Here the most widely accepted algorithms are studied and its advantages and drawbacks are outlined. Here the focus is made on the frequency analysis of surface EMG signal. The results obtained during the frequency analysis of surface EMG signifies the behavior of test signals based on mean and median frequency variables acquired using PSD estimation methods, namely Autoregressive and Periodogram. Here an electromyograph is record the signals generated during the electrical or neurological excitation of the muscle cells and these recorded signals are then subjected to spectral analysis. The frequency responses of the signals are considered assessments are made accordingly. â€Å" Surface EMG signals are decomposed into 32-subbands by using a cosine modulated filter bank. Both the instantaneous mean frequency (IMF) and the instantaneous amplitude (IA) are estimated from the sub bands and are used as indicators of muscle fatigue† (McGoron, et al, 2009, P. 267). Table of Contents 1. Introduction 7 1.1. Power spectral density (PSD) 7 1.2. Spectrum estimation techniques 8 1.2.1. Fast Fourier transforms 9 1.2.2. Blackman turkey approach 10 1.2.3. Autoregressive method 11 1.2.4. Auto regressive moving average model 12 1.3 EMG 13 1.4. Application of PSD in EMG 13 2. Literature on Application 14 3. Discussion 17 3.1 deterministic function 18 3.2. Stochastic function 18 3.3 induction of autoregressive approach 19 4. Results 31 4.1. Deterministic 31 4.1.1. Test signal 1 31 4.1.2 Test signal 2 37 4.2. Stochastic 46 4.2.1. Test signal 4 46 4.2.2 Test signal 5 53 4.2.3 Test signal 6 57 5. Advantages of EMG and PSD 63 5. Conclusion 64 1. Introduction: At the present era medical literature considers human muscle fatigue as a physical phenomenon that starts during the onset of a muscle contraction and develops progressively until the muscle cannot generate force, the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) reduces during muscle fatigue. Here spectral analysis is used to examine the nature of signals recorded in the electromyograph due the electrical activity of the muscle fibers. 1.1 power spectral density (PSD): Power spectral density (PSD) is the frequency response of a random or periodic signal and indicates where power is distributed as a function of frequency. PSD is deterministic and for certain types of random signals independent of time. It shows the strength and weakness of the signals at different frequency levels. The frequency level of the signal is drawn against time to get the spectra. Waveform can be represented by a plot of amplitude versus frequency together with a plot of phase versus frequency, respectively known as the amplitude a nd phase spectra. Amplitude and phase

Critically assess the claim that market research is essential to Essay

Critically assess the claim that market research is essential to small, family owned firms. Do you think that the research aims, methods, tools, outcomes, and e - Essay Example Family owned business market research is usually discussed by the family members who are member of the company. While in big organizations, market research is discussed by high ranking personnel and a team of marketing personnel. We will discuss the importance of market research in a small family owned business. Family businesses have their own special set of challenges. Not only are you in personal relationships with a number of the people you are working with, which can complicate those relationships and those with your other employees, but you also need to deal with leadership roles and how ownership is passed to future generations. (www.smallbusinessnotes.com). Market research deals with the gathering of information, analyzing data and recording. Its uses include helping create a business plan, launch a new product or service, fine tune existing products and services, and expand into new markets. Market research can be used to determine which portion of the population will purchase the product/service, based on variables like age, gender, location and income level. It can be found out what market characteristics a target market has. With market research, companies can learn more about current and potential customers. (www.wikipedia.org). Like any other business the small family owned business needs to have a market research to be able to ... Family members who are involved in the business usually have contradicting ideas and sometimes resulted in misunderstanding because emotions interfere. This is a market research should enters. The family members should put in mind that in market research the success and growth of the business is possible. Market research will also reduce the risk at the earliest stage. Small and big companies start the market research by gathering market information to ensure that they can serve their client by: remaining current with trends, keeping ahead of their competitors and seeking out new markets. Market Research There are several steps that need to be done in order to have a successful market research. The first thing that we need to identify is the problem involve in the company. A family owned company usually have problem in concluding in several things. One of the dimensions that need to be overcome by the family owned company is involvement of emotion during decision making. In a market research it is a waste if you proceed into something without identifying the problem first. Like any other business the family owned business should be able to identify the problem of their business correctly. Market research also helps companies develop information regarding new products or product lines and learn how well new items will be received. It can also help businesses learn how the public responds to a comparable product already on the market. In this way, business can stay in the loop, keeping in touch with the wants and needs of potential consumers. They can halt production of a product that the public shows little or no interest in, or change it, improve it, or

IT Professional Presentation Essay Example for Free

IT Professional Presentation Essay Presentations are meant to be professional with a lot of effort required in the structuring of speech and the assurance of putting across the right message. Professionals in any field or walk of life need to have a good speech which would make them better presenters and hence a noticeable being among all the other employees. An organization has hundreds and thousand and sometimes even more than that employee in number. To make oneself noticeable in the eyes of the one that matter, makes a lot of difference in the career growth. Hard work is something that everyone does but few are those who are able to present it in a manner that enables the top officials to notice you. There are many ways to present and presentations are becoming increasingly common in today’s world. PowerPoint and Flash are the most utilized of all but written means of assistance and even plain verbal speech is also presentation. All these means of presenting are justified depending on the situations and the matter to be presented. Hence, it is not the material that matters to a large extent but it’s what you say right at the right time is what matters. Introduction Information system can be any organised combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organisation. Like any other system operates within an environment, information system and technology are very important in contemporary business, because they have become a significant component for success in any organisation, such as university, healthcare centre and company. However these are the most important and vital in internet business area because it cannot be managed without information system and technology. In addition internet business can increase their sales and profits by implicating efficient and effective e-commerce which is one of major parts of information system. There are big names that are involved with the IT industry such as the Amazon. com which is solely an internet based company. Other multinationals such as McDonalds are also involved in it despite being a fast food organization. Brief information regarding the two organizations are as follows. Critical Analysis of the Presentations ‘Things they are Achangin-1’ talk about the computer and Information Technology details. It starts off with telling the memory capacity of a computer. The different memories and the capacities that a computer and its hardware has, is explained in the presentation. Along with that it talks about the computer networking and the usage of broadband. It had become increasingly famous and popular in the current years and most of the people in the world have it. ‘Things they are Achangin-2’ on the other hand talks about other energy sources such as batteries and cars and how their mechanism works. These two mentioned sources have also become increasingly important over their years for day to day life. Along with that it has compared their mechanical sources with human body and mind and has talked about the structure of a robotic body. Delivery Channel Strategy ‘Delivery Channel Strategy’ defines the objective of delivery channel which are Projecting and representing the brand defending and developing the active consumer base, obtaining new customers and meeting essential service requirements. It also talks about the benefits of branches, which branches are used more for financial services and why. It explains self servicing and explains the benefits of automated machines which empower the customers. It takes into account the different product used by the financial institutions and their usage. Key Implications of Delivery Strategies In order to have an effective delivery strategy, one needs to take into account all the aspects that come before that as well in order to execute the plan in the most effective manner possible. The following delivery process is explained with an example of Amazon. com, the online trading place. a) Goods, products, ecommerce solution: It started off as a book store with an online presence but later on it kept on adding products in its portfolio and now they have different categories in which they divide their products into such as ‘Books, Music and Movies’, ‘Clothing and Accessories’, ‘Computer Office’, ‘Consumer Electronics’, ‘Food and Household’, ‘Health and Beauty’, ‘Home and Garden’, ‘Kids and Toys’, ‘Sports and Fitness’, ‘Tools and Automotives’, ‘Bargains’ and ‘Gifts and List’. There are further bifurcations within these categories as well which offers further variety to the customers. There services are divided into the categories of ‘Make Money’, ‘For the Community’, ‘For Developers’, ‘For Advertisers’ and ‘Partner Services’. .A9. com caters to the information content requirement which is a search engine present directly on the Amazon. com. (Amazon, 2007). b) Performance and services: The existence of the website over this long period of time indicates its efficiency and the level of customer satisfaction. The website is very well put together so that the customer can easily find their way through to their desired destination. â€Å"Amazon. com, BN. com, and Half. com aren’t getting any complaints at all because they are very simple to use and to understand. Each of these web sites are made for the computer illiterate or just plain lazy† (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). c) Personalization: The site lay out of the website is also user friendly and it takes no time to find where one wants to go unlike the complicated sites which are hard to browse. It offers the customer to personalize by offering a shopping cart just like an actual shopping mall to create a sense of personalization. They have many products and services and â€Å"different categories of all their items. They also have the option to make â€Å"Your Store,† this is where they store all the information that you like the best and what products you are most interested in† (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). This gives a sense of individuality to the customers wanting them to come back for a visit. d) Communities and Look and Feel: Amazon. com also offers chat forums for the customers in order to discuss their views and opinions. This is also one reason for the customers to visit the website. ‘Internet Chat Headset Forum’ is one of the examples of their chat forums and virtual customer online communities. The storefront of Amazon. com has been rated high as it offers a number of varieties on the page and also provides clear layout for the customer to assess where they are required to go. e) Incentives: Amazon. com offers different incentives to the customers such as bargains of Friday Sales, Today’s Deals and many more. It offers auctions and personal accounts to give the customers a sense of individuality and personalization encouraging them to visit more often. f) Security Reliability For such sites security is utmost important and therefore it can be said that â€Å"Security and Privacy Policy for these are very well put together and are very private† and one has to â€Å"go through various checks and double checks for e-mail and password verifications. This ensures that the website company and you have the right passwords and e-mail addresses for your privacy and protection. They also have protects programming on their sites to ensure that no one can get you password, e-mail address, and most important your credit card number† (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). g) Successful achievement One of the many highlighted features of the website is that very recently â€Å"Amazon. com is to Webcast Investor Conference Presentation Morgan Stanley Technology Conference† (Business News, 2007) which is considered to be a huge achievement for the organization along with earning million of dollars of revenue. Another one of its achievements could be the introduction of software called the Amazon S3â„ ¢ which is â€Å"a simple storage service that offers software developers a highly scalable, reliable, and low-latency data storage infrastructure at very low costs† (Amazon Web Services Launches Amazon S3, a Simple Storage Service for Software Developers, 2005). Ethics and Professionalism in the ICT discipline ‘Ethics and Professionalism in the ICT discipline’ talks about the importance of the code of ethics in the professional environment not for one’s career but for the sustainability of its moral values. It describes Ethics as Doing good, Not doing bad, Not screwing people, Only screwing the competition, Letting the competition screw you, Doing things right, Doing the right thing. Key Implications These key implications of Ethics in IT are explained with respect to the example of Amazon. com. For such sites security is utmost important and therefore it can be said that â€Å"Security and Privacy Policy for these are very well put together and are very private† and one has to â€Å"go through various checks and double checks for e-mail and password verifications. This ensures that the website company and you have the right passwords and e-mail addresses for your privacy and protection. They also have protects programming on their sites to ensure that no one can get you password, e-mail address, and most important your credit card number† (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). Risk Assessment of Ethics in IT Despite the existence of internet over the years, it has still not been able to gain trust regarding the transactions online. Amazon. com along with other organization based online for selling face the challenge of assurance of security to its customers. As for Amazon. com, it failed to provide trust in regard of security to e-commerce project because they did not concern about technical risks. Despite the presence of a huge customer base, a lot of potential customers are hesitant to buy from amazon. com because of this particular reason. However, there is a long procedure regarding the security of credit cards and its personal information which is utilized by many websites present today. â€Å"Many sites that accept credit cards claim they are secure when they have an encryption certificate. This is where you can see the padlock symbol at the bottom of the screen. The encryption certificate encodes the message with the credit card details when it is sent and the organization issuing the certificate (e,g, Thawte or Verisign) verify the business before they issue it. (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Amazon. com follows the same long procedure of ensuring that the customer feels safe but even then there is a lot of chance of stealth of the information and its misutilization might lead to disastrous losses to an individual. This is the fear that stops the potential customers from entering into the market of internet. â€Å"If credit card numbers are stored on a server they are still potential targets for a hacking attack. Afferent Media protects its server with anti virus and firewall systems. Its ultimate defense though is that it does not store any credit card numbers† (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Hence, despite the effort, due to technical risk involved Amazon. com is facing the same threat as many other online retailers. Although Amazon. com has developed a trustworthy image over the years but when it comes to monetary losses people are hesitant to take risk as the loss incurred might get too huge to counter. This technical risk can however be countered in order to gain the potential customers that are hesitating at the moment. This can be countered if â€Å"transactions are carried out in real time, in just the same way as an EFTPOS machine. The message is encoded and sent to the bank, if the card passes the checks then funds are transferred directly to the vendor. This is just like when you buy petrol or shop in a supermarket. The vendor swipes your card in and EFTPOS machine, they do not store the card details. † (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Like every weakness, if this factor is also addressed in its early stages it might not even classify as a problem and may be included in one of the challenges but the more Amazon. com delays it, the more it might lead to disaster and reduction of customer base. It has the advantage that the solution has already been identified, therefore the company just needs to incorporate this procedure in its security e-commerce procedure and keep proper checks and balances over a period of time and the job is done. Once the authenticity of the procedure is verified, it would not be hard for customer to develop trust in the online services. Despite the overall success of the organization, there are still factors that it needs to counter before the issues convert into real threat to the existence of the organization. The security factor is always vital in e-commerce as no customers would want to risk their monetary gains for shopping online. Lean Thinking ‘Lean Thinking’ is a presentation which defines the importance of customers with the help of practical examples taken from different scenarios. It also takes into account the impact of value on customer’s choice and the importance of value in a product. Key Implications McDonalds is a world wide known brand and hence it is famous and loved all around the world for its customer hospitality. A fast food chain, so customer friendly has also made use of the IT sources which is explained as further. The company is a fast food chain across the world known by the name of McDonalds. It is world renowned and is among the top most fast food chains across the globe. It has different kinds of fast foods in its menu ranging from rapid on-the-go burgers to healthy breakfasts and other food items. The organization is known for its quality and variety in food across the globe along with paying its full due to the corporate and social responsibility to the members of the society. Our organization not only is concerned about regular people who are health or weight conscious but also make sure that people with certain individual problems are also given attention to. The entire nutrition information is available on its website and can be completely relied on as it is taken from â€Å"from testing conducted in accredited laboratories, published resources, or from information provided from McDonald’s suppliers. The nutrition information is based on standard product formulations and serving sizes. All nutrition information is based on average values for ingredients from McDonald’s suppliers throughout the U. S. and is rounded to meet current US FDA NLEA guidelines† (McDonalds – USA, 2006). Despite of enjoying the top most notches in most of the countries we are present in; it is made sure that the organization does not lag in its due responsibility towards its customers, employees or the society it caters to which is evident by the brochure of Corporate Responsibility by McDonalds. This brochure is known as ‘The McDonalds USA Corporate Responsibility Brochure’ and another third worldwide corporate responsibility report has been published recently in 2006. It has the ability to adapt to country to country environment and culture. It pays utmost importance to kids and their meals and therefore because of that reason we have specialized meal for children as well. These meals are set with kids preferences in mind and offers incentive such as toy gifts which children can enjoy along with their respective meals. Capabilities and Potential with Risk Assessment McDonalds is known for its customer service and for increasing indulgence in the technology sector as well. McDonalds has some of Information technology involved in its procedures as well as to offer to the customers. As a Manager it is very important to be well equipped and well informed regarding the knowledge of the on-going dynamics in the information technology sector of the country. The advancement of the organization in the information technology sector is indicated by the fact that it offers one of the most novel technologies of the information system which is the McDonald’s Wireless Connectivity. It offers Wi-Fi service to its customers so that they can even bring their work to McDonalds along with enjoying a good meal. Its not just limited to United States which is one of the most technologically equipped country of the world but 7,000 outlets around the globe. We believe in giving the best to our customers and Wi-Fi is a part of it as â€Å"We believe in bringing you innovative and convenient services that enhance your McDonalds restaurant visit, and Wi-Fi is a perfect example. As McDonalds continues to deliver fast and friendly food service at more than 30,000 convenient locations around the world, you can now enjoy the possibility of staying connected with friends, family and co-workers† (McDonalds Wireless Connectivity, 2006). Apart from this, our organization has even stepped in introducing a technology that would bring into use the real time network used by huge and well-known places such as Wal-Mart. In order to manage its hardware and software in different location across the globe, it took help of the Fujitsu Philippines Incorporation to implement a system the system. The system is called Help Desk which enables in the monitoring of the inventory system and the management of the SMS and documents. Due to Help Desk the technical support service now take half the time it previously did. (McDonalds Philippines improves customer service via technology, 2007). Due to high volume of sales of McDonalds around the globe, the manual or low level storing data system is not anymore a product of efficiency for the organization. Therefore, it has moved a step forwards and â€Å"The PC POS system replaced proprietary computer registers that delivered information to in-store processors. These computers are a McDonalds restaurants black box, recording information on operations such as an individual stores total sales for the day, and the number of patties, buns, cups and other products used, and delivering it back to the McDonalds mainframe systems in Oak Brook each night over a modem connection† (Food, Folks and Forecasting, 2006). We as Managers also make use of this technology to place orders to the suppliers for replacement as well, hence making tasks easier for everyone of storing the large bulks of information everyday. The Future of Business Information System ‘The Future of Business Information System’ talks about the consultancy by Dennis Keeling. It takes into account the trends in business cycle, the types of business applications and the industry changes. It talks about different operating systems and system designs and data file structure. Key Implications of The Future of Business Information System The most upcoming trend in the future is outsourcing. Outsourcing is a trend that has recently become very popular among the multi-million and multi-billion organizations around the world. Outsourcing â€Å"often refers to the delegation of non-core operations from internal production to an external entity specializing in the management of that operation† (Wikipedia, n. d. ). There are various functions of an organization that are not the main operations and therefore can be outsourced to other parties such as â€Å"Business segments typically outsourced include information technology, human resources, facilities and real estate management, and accounting. Many companies also outsource customer support and call center functions, manufacturing and engineering† (Wikipedia, n. d. ). There are several reasons why one would outsource their operations to an outside party, which might include the purpose of exploiting cheap labor in case of third world countries or utilizing the efficiency of specialized expertise in a particular field of work. Outsourcing might also involve reducing the cost even it effects their quality to a slight extent. IT outsourcing helps improve the efficiency of IT department as after outsourcing there is special attention given by an entire group people to only one operation, hence in return increasing its importance and therefore its efficiency. IT outsourcing might also be done due to cost reduction by utilizing brains that are willing to work for less as compared to the human resource that is present domestically. Along with a lot of benefits in outsourcing, there comes a bucket full of criticism as well. The critics believe that outsourcing reduces the quality of the operation outsourced hence reducing the overall performance of the organization. Hence, it is believed that organizations reduce their cost by compromising on their quality and exploiting cheap labor by outsourcing. On the other hand â€Å"proponents of outsourcing believe that arguing that outsourcing leads to lower product quality is pointless because if it were true, consumer demand will force firms to shift back to producing the good or service in-firm rather than out-firm† (Wikipedia, n. d. ). Risk Assessment regarding Future of IT With respect to outsourcing, the possible risk or problems that IT could face in the future are as explained further. There are different outsourcers depending to where they are located. They include three kinds that are outsourcing, offshore outsourcing and offshoring. Although these terms are used as a replacement of the other but their meaning is different from one another. Outsourcing is the allocation of an organization’s operation to another responsible party. Now the difference lies in the presence of this third party, that is, if the third party is located outside the host country, it is known as offshore outsourcing. While on the other hand, offshoring is when an operation of an organization is taken to another country without transferring control to the third party. Hence the difference is of transfer of control to another party, that is, the power remains within the organization in case of offshoring while in offshore outsourcing it is transferred to the third party. In case of IT offshore outsourcing, the main country that receives the majority deals is India due to its IT success in recent years with able IT graduates and world-renowned IT universities present in India. Different problems might occur due to the location of the outsourcer, that is, in case of offshore outsourcing, the cost of checks and balances, transportation, dealing across distances might end up being equal or surpassing the cost cut that is the purpose of outsourcing. Hence, nullifying the effect of outsourcing with the cost incurred for distant dealing. â€Å"One issue offshoring of technical services has brought more attention to is the value of education as an alleged solution to trade-related displacements† (Wikipedia, n. d. ). The foreign location of the outsources in case of offshore outsourcing and the exapanding of business globally in case of offshoring might also be subject to crticism due to the reason that it causes the host country to suffer with opportunities travelling to other countries rather than being available to others. Hence, along with certain positive outcomes, outsources is subjected to a sufficient amount of criticism as well. In order to counter the crticism, it would have to scrutinze itself and remove such drawbacks. Weaknesses in Current Information Technology Capabilities However, the McDonalds journey may be rapidly moving towards the success ladder but there are several pitfalls that have occurred in its Information System and its capabilities. For us as managers, it is very important to identify those pitfalls and rectify them as soon as possible in order to avoid any forthcoming problems or issues. The technological world is an extremely rapidly evolving environment, with information becoming obsolete after a certain period of time. Hence, it is very important for the Managers to take that into account and be on the constant guards to protect their image. Wi-Fi is a very innovative and healthy technology but in those countries that are well equipped to support this kind of technology and the citizens prefer to have it in a restaurant. As per a management’s perspective, to implement it in a country like Bangladesh or Pakistan, where there isn’t much knowledge of technology among the masses, would not only be unfeasible but also irrelevant expenditure. As for the PC POS System implemented, it does save time but being a Manager it is very important to receive the detailed information to further process it for other uses which it failed to do. â€Å"The data that is batch-dumped to the McDonalds mainframe system in Oak Brook every night doesnt offer the detail McDonalds executives needed and, worse, took as long as a week to be compiled analyzed and distributed to managers who would then order more patties, buns, etc. from McDonalds vendors†. Hence, it needs to take that into account as well. Professional Presentations Requirement of Soft Skills All the organization of such calibre are required to have high aptitude personnel in it with the presence of hard skills as well as soft skills. In order to sell your product, one has to make sure that its presentation and the its communication is up to the mark. The more the people are convinces the more is the popularity of the product or service meant to be. It is very important for a professional to possess the skills of speaking well and hiring such professional can be a tedious process but all the effort is worth it. Hiring is a very difficult process; it takes a lot of time, patience, and money. Gone were the days when management only looks for technical skills alone, now, they are more focused with soft skills referring to non technical skills of an individual. What are soft skills? According to Mannering (1998) they are considered to be harder to identify, to distinguish. Ironically, for many managers, the soft skills are the hard skills. Ask anyone who has had to manage change, deal with organizational politics, or build a disparate group of people into an effective team (Holbeche, 2006). Platinum skills are developed through training and delegation, active listening, giving and receiving feedback, and creating a motivational environment. (Topchik, 2004). Companies Who Values Soft Skills Fujitsu Here’s an excerpt from an article â€Å"Hi-tech soft skills† IT Training; Jan2007 Fujitsu Services has set up an international Management Academy, headed by Paula Graham (right), to help IT professionals brush up on their interpersonal skills As they progress up the career ladder, many IT professionals could find themselves at a crunch point. They have been hired and valued primarily for their technical and engineering abilities, but as they become more senior they will be expected to adopt more custodial and managerial responsibility over junior colleagues. But where, along the way, were they supposed to have picked up these managerial and interpersonal skills? IT giant Fujitsu Services is tackling the problem of helping the technical person be a better people manager with a new company-wide experiment in delivering soft skills training at leadership level. This programme is about raising the bar on the organization’s people management skills, adds Jeremy Hill, London-based managing director of training partner DIEU. Fujitsu employees are comprised mostly of IT professionals, yes they have all the various technical skills that needed to become one of their programmers, and they keep on giving other technical trainings in order to stay competitive and knowledgeable on diverse IT trends. And yet, management feels they lack something, they need to brush up with communication skills. Employees needed to be more effective communicators; they need to get their message across clearly with the people they are dealing with. Communication is very essential and powerful tool not everybody has the knock off communication skills, and essentially improvement on this part will have a big impact both for employees and their company.